{"id":425016,"date":"2026-08-21T00:38:23","date_gmt":"2026-08-20T16:38:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/?post_type=tnc_col_19631_item&#038;p=425016"},"modified":"2026-08-24T12:16:59","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T04:16:59","slug":"family-support-job-insecurity-coronavirus-stress-and-leadership-styles-effects-on-burnout-and-work-engagement-in-hospitality-during-covid-19-pandemic-in-macau","status":"publish","type":"tnc_col_19631_item","link":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/student-thesis-dissertation\/family-support-job-insecurity-coronavirus-stress-and-leadership-styles-effects-on-burnout-and-work-engagement-in-hospitality-during-covid-19-pandemic-in-macau\/","title":{"rendered":"FAMILY SUPPORT, JOB INSECURITY, CORONAVIRUS STRESS AND LEADERSHIP STYLES EFFECTS ON BURNOUT AND WORK ENGAGEMENT IN HOSPITALITY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN MACAU"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>THIS STUDY AMID RISING ACADEMIC PRESSURES AND YOUTH MENTAL HEALTH CONCERNS, THIS STUDY INVESTIGATES HOW EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES (PECA) SHAPE ACADEMIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL OUTCOMES IN MACAU\u2014A HIGH-STAKES EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT. FOCUSING ON 6\u201318-YEAR-OLDS, IT EXAMINES TWO DIMENSIONS: ACTIVITY TYPE (SPORTS, ACADEMIC, CULTURAL AND ARTISTIC) AND NUMBER OF ACTIVITIES, ADDRESSING GAPS IN AGE-SPECIFIC AND CROSS- INFORMANT ANALYSES WITHIN EAST ASIAN SETTINGS. USING THE ACHENBACH SYSTEM (ASEBA) IN MACAU, DATA FROM PARENTS AND ADOLESCENTS WERE ANALYZED VIA ANOVA AND INDEPENDENT T-TESTS. ANOVA REVEALED OPTIMAL ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE (F[3, 456] = 12.34, P &lt; 0.001) AND FEWER BEHAVIORAL ISSUES IN STUDENTS WITH 3 PECA. T-TESTS SHOWED SPORTS REDUCED ADOLESCENT SELF- REPORTED DEPRESSION (T[210] = -3.21, P = 0.002), WHILE ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES BOOSTED PARENT-REPORTED GRADES (T[198] = 4.57, P &lt; 0.001). CULTURAL ACTIVITIES HAD LIMITED MENTAL HEALTH IMPACTS BUT ENHANCED LANGUAGE\/MATH SKILLS. THIS STUDY UNDERSCORES THE IMPORTANCE OF EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES (PECA) IN MACAU\u2019S UNIQUE CULTURAL AND ACADEMIC CONTEXT, BY VALIDATING THE &quot;&quot;OPTIMAL BALANCE&quot;&quot; HYPOTHESIS, IT SUGGESTS THAT PARTICIPATING IN THREE WELL-CHOSEN ACTIVITIES\u2014SPANNING SPORTS, ARTS, AND ACADEMICS\u2014YIELDS THE BEST OUTCOMES. THE FINDINGS EMPHASIZE THE NEED FOR CULTURALLY SENSITIVE AND DEVELOPMENTALLY APPROPRIATE PECA PROGRAMS TAILORED TO MACAU\u2019S STUDENTS. THIS RESEARCH PROVIDES VALUABLE INSIGHTS INTO OPTIMIZING PECA TYPES AND QUANTITIES, FOSTERING ACADEMIC SUCCESS, EMOTIONAL RESILIENCE, AND PERSONAL GROWTH, WHILE SUPPORTING THE HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT OF WELL-ROUNDED YOUNG CITIZENS.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","class_list":["post-425016","tnc_col_19631_item","type-tnc_col_19631_item","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","tnc_tax_19912-organisational-psychology","tnc_tax_19818-english","tnc_tax_19716-faculty-of-health-sciences","tnc_tax_19659-master-thesis","tnc_tax_19651-master"],"taxonomy_info":[],"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":[],"comment_info":0,"featured_img":false,"coauthors":[],"author_meta":{"author_link":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/author\/emilychan\/","display_name":"emily chan"},"relative_dates":{"created":"Posted 2 \u9031 ago","modified":"Updated 1 \u9031 ago"},"absolute_dates":{"created":"Posted on 21 8 \u6708, 2026","modified":"Updated on 24 8 \u6708, 2026"},"absolute_dates_time":{"created":"Posted on 21 8 \u6708, 2026 12:38 \u4e0a\u5348","modified":"Updated on 24 8 \u6708, 2026 12:16 \u4e0b\u5348"},"featured_img_caption":"","tax_additional":{"tnc_tax_19912":{"linked":["<a href=\"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/programme\/organisational-psychology\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">ORGANISATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY<\/a>"],"unlinked":["<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">ORGANISATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY<\/span>"],"slug":"tnc_tax_19912","name":"PROGRAMME"},"tnc_tax_19818":{"linked":["<a href=\"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/language\/english\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">ENGLISH<\/a>"],"unlinked":["<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">ENGLISH<\/span>"],"slug":"tnc_tax_19818","name":"LANGUAGE"},"tnc_tax_19765":{"linked":[],"unlinked":[],"slug":"tnc_tax_19765","name":"SUPERVISOR(S)"},"tnc_tax_19716":{"linked":["<a href=\"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/faculty-research-unit\/faculty-of-health-sciences\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES<\/a>"],"unlinked":["<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES<\/span>"],"slug":"tnc_tax_19716","name":"FACULTY \/ RESEARCH UNIT"},"tnc_tax_19659":{"linked":["<a href=\"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/resource-type\/master-thesis\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">THESIS &amp; DISSERTATION<\/a>"],"unlinked":["<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">THESIS &amp; DISSERTATION<\/span>"],"slug":"tnc_tax_19659","name":"Document Type"},"tnc_tax_19651":{"linked":["<a href=\"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/degree-level\/master\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">MASTER<\/a>"],"unlinked":["<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">MASTER<\/span>"],"slug":"tnc_tax_19651","name":"DEGREE LEVEL"}},"series_order":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tnc_col_19631_item\/425016","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tnc_col_19631_item"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/tnc_col_19631_item"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=425016"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tnc_col_19631_item\/425016\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":431458,"href":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tnc_col_19631_item\/425016\/revisions\/431458"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=425016"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}