{"id":425441,"date":"2026-08-21T00:39:06","date_gmt":"2026-08-20T16:39:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/?post_type=tnc_col_19631_item&#038;p=425441"},"modified":"2026-08-24T12:15:40","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T04:15:40","slug":"exploring-current-situation-and-challenges-of-the-annual-training-professional-development-for-primary-school-teachers-in-macao","status":"publish","type":"tnc_col_19631_item","link":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/student-thesis-dissertation\/exploring-current-situation-and-challenges-of-the-annual-training-professional-development-for-primary-school-teachers-in-macao\/","title":{"rendered":"EXPLORING CURRENT SITUATION AND CHALLENGES OF THE ANNUAL TRAINING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN MACAO"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>TEACHER EFFICACY AND RESILIENCE ARE CRITICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING EDUCATIONAL QUALITY AND STUDENT DEVELOPMENT. TEACHER EFFICACY REFERS TO TEACHERS&#8217; BELIEFS IN THEIR CAPABILITY TO MANAGE CLASSROOMS, IMPLEMENT INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES, AND ENGAGE STUDENTS EFFECTIVELY. RESILIENCE, ON THE OTHER HAND, DENOTES TEACHERS&#8217; ABILITY TO ADAPT AND RESPOND POSITIVELY TO STRESS AND CHALLENGES. THIS STUDY AIMS TO EXAMINE THE CURRENT STATUS OF TEACHER EFFICACY AND RESILIENCE AMONG NON-TERTIARY EDUCATION TEACHERS IN MACAO AND TO EXPLORE THEIR DIFFERENCES AND INTERRELATIONS ACROSS VARIOUS DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES. THE TARGET POPULATION COMPRISED NON-TERTIARY TEACHING STAFF IN THE 2024\/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. A QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY WAS CONDUCTED USING THE TEACHERS&#8217; SENSE OF EFFICACY SCALE \uff08TSES\uff09 AND THE CONNOR-DAVIDSON RESILIENCE SCALE \uff08CD-RISC\uff09, VIA THE TENCENT QUESTIONNAIRE PLATFORM, WITH 125 VALID RESPONSES COLLECTED FROM MACAO NON-TERTIARY TEACHERS. DATA ANALYSIS INCLUDED DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS, INDEPENDENT SAMPLE T-TESTS, AND ONE-WAY ANOVA TO ASSESS DIFFERENCES IN TEACHER EFFICACY AND RESILIENCE ACROSS DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS. STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING WAS EMPLOYED TO TEST THE PREDICTIVE EFFECT OF RESILIENCE ON TEACHER EFFICACY. IN TOTAL, ELEVEN DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES WERE COLLECTED, INCLUDING GENDER, AGE, MARITAL STATUS, HIGHEST EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION, TEACHER TRAINING BACKGROUND, YEARS OF SERVICE (INCLUDING THE CURRENT ACADEMIC YEAR), SCHOOL TYPE, SCHOOL SIZE, MAIN TEACHING LEVEL, PRIMARY JOB ROLE, AND RELIGIOUS BELIEF. GIVEN THE FOCUS AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY, AND WITH REFERENCE TO COMMONLY EXPLORED VARIABLES IN RELATED LITERATURE, GENDER, AGE, AND YEARS OF SERVICE (INCLUDING THE CURRENT ACADEMIC YEAR) WERE SELECTED FOR DETAILED ANALYSIS TO EXAMINE DIFFERENCES IN TEACHER EFFICACY AND RESILIENCE. OTHER DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES WERE ALSO SUBJECTED TO PRELIMINARY STATISTICAL EXAMINATION; HOWEVER, THE RESULTS DID NOT SHOW SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES. FINDINGS REVEALED A SIGNIFICANT POSITIVE CORRELATION BETWEEN RESILIENCE AND TEACHER EFFICACY, WITH RESILIENCE SHOWN TO BE A SIGNIFICANT PREDICTOR. WHILE MOST BACKGROUND VARIABLES SHOWED NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT, AGE WAS FOUND TO SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT TEACHER EFFICACY. 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