{"id":425450,"date":"2026-08-21T00:39:07","date_gmt":"2026-08-20T16:39:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/?post_type=tnc_col_19631_item&p=425450"},"modified":"2026-08-24T12:15:39","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T04:15:39","slug":"a-study-on-the-perceptions-and-practices-of-gender-equality-and-gender-stereotypes-among-kindergarten-teachers-in-macao","status":"publish","type":"tnc_col_19631_item","link":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/student-thesis-dissertation\/a-study-on-the-perceptions-and-practices-of-gender-equality-and-gender-stereotypes-among-kindergarten-teachers-in-macao\/","title":{"rendered":"A STUDY ON THE PERCEPTIONS AND PRACTICES OF GENDER EQUALITY AND GENDER STEREOTYPES AMONG KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS IN MACAO"},"content":{"rendered":"

THE INCIDENCE OF SELF-INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR (SIB) IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD) RANGES FROM 35% TO 60%. COMMON TYPES OF SIB INCLUDE HEAD-BANGING, HAIR-PULLING, ARM-BITING, EYE-POKING, SKIN-SCRATCHING AND OTHER BEHAVIORS. FUNCTIONAL BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT (FBA) AND FUNCTION-BASED BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO REDUCE SIB IN CHILDREN WITH ASD. HOWEVER, THERE IS LIMITED RESEARCH ON THIS SUBJECT IN MACAO. THIS STUDY APPLIES A SINGLE-SUBJECT ALTERNATING TREATMENT DESIGN TO CONDUCT AN FBA ON THE SELF-INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR OF A CHILD WITH ASD IN MACAO, FOLLOWED BY THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A FUNCTION-BASED BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION, AIMING TO EFFECTIVELY REDUCE THE FREQUENCY OR INTENSITY OF SIB IN CHILDREN WITH ASD. BASED ON THE RESULTS OF THIS STUDY, THE CONCLUSIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS: A) BASED ON THE FUNCTIONAL BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT, THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF SELF-INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR IN THE CHILD WITH ASD ARE IDENTIFIED AS ESCAPE FROM TASK DEMANDS AND ACCESS TO TANGIBLE ITEMS; B) FUNCTION-BASED INTERVENTION STRATEGIES (SUCH AS FUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION TRAINING, FCT) SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE THE OCCURRENCE OF SIB IN CHILDREN WITH ASD. IN THIS CASE STUDY, THE FREQUENCY OF SIB MARKEDLY DECREASED, AND THE IMPROVEMENT WAS MAINTAINED EVEN AFTER THE INTERVENTION WAS WITHDRAWN; C) BASED ON THE RESULTS OF FCT, BOTH INDEPENDENT COMMUNICATION BEHAVIORS (PICTURE CARDS AND THE SPEECH-GENERATING DEVICE BIGMAC) EFFECTIVELY REDUCED THE CHILD\u2019S SIB. HOWEVER, THE CHILD LEARNED TO USE THE BIGMAC AS AN ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION BEHAVIOR MORE QUICKLY, AND THERE WAS NO OCCURRENCE OF SELF-INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR WHILE USING BIGMAC, WHEREAS SIB OCCASIONALLY OCCURRED WHEN USING PICTURE CARDS; D) FUNCTION-BASED INTERVENTION STRATEGIES DEMONSTRATE A GOOD SOCIAL VALIDITY, WITH THE CHILD\u2019S TEACHERS EXPRESSING AGREEMENT WITH THE RESEARCH\u2019S IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS AND OUTCOMES. \u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u8b5c\u7cfb\u969c\u7919\uff08AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER\uff0cASD\uff09\u5152\u7ae5\u81ea\u50b7\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u767c\u751f\u7387\u9ad8\u905435%-60%\uff0c\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u985e\u578b\u5305\u62ec\u649e\u982d\u3001\u62c9\u982d\u9aee\u3001\u54ac\u624b\u81c2\u3001\u6233\u773c\u775b\u53ca\u6293\u76ae\u819a\u7b49\u3002\u529f\u80fd\u884c\u70ba\u8a55\u4f30\u548c\u57fa\u65bc\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u5e72\u9810\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u964d\u4f4e\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u5152\u7ae5\u7684\u81ea\u50b7\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6fb3\u9580\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8f03\u5c11\u3002\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u63a1\u7528\u55ae\u4e00\u88ab\u8a66\u4ea4\u66ff\u8655\u7406\u8a2d\u8a08\u5c0d1\u540d\u6fb3\u9580\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u5152\u7ae5\u7684\u81ea\u50b7\u884c\u70ba\u958b\u5c55\u529f\u80fd\u884c\u70ba\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u4e26\u5236\u5b9a\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u57fa\u65bc\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u5e72\u9810\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u986f\u793a\uff1aA) \u57fa\u65bc\u529f\u80fd\u884c\u70ba\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u5b9a\u8a72\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u5152\u7ae5\u81ea\u50b7\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u70ba\u9003\u907f\u4efb\u52d9\u53ca\u7372\u5f97\u5be6\u7269\uff1bB) \u63a1\u7528\u57fa\u65bc\u884c\u70ba\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5e72\u9810\u7b56\u7565\uff08\u5373\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u6e9d\u901a\u8a13\u7df4\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u964d\u4f4e\u8a72\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u5152\u7ae5\u81ea\u50b7\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u983b\u7387\uff0c\u4e14\u5728\u64a4\u92b7\u5e72\u9810\u5f8c\u4ecd\u80fd\u7dad\u6301\u6539\u5584\u6548\u679c\uff1bC) \u6839\u64da\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u6e9d\u901a\u8a13\u7df4\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u5169\u7a2e\u7368\u7acb\u6e9d\u901a\u884c\u70ba\uff08\u5716\u5361\u548c\u8a00\u8a9e\u751f\u6210\u8a2d\u5099BIGMAC\uff09\u5747\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u6e1b\u5c11\u8a72\u5152\u7ae5\u7684\u81ea\u50b7\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u66f4\u5feb\u5b78\u6703\u4f7f\u7528BIGMAC\u9019\u500b\u66ff\u4ee3\u6e9d\u901a\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u4f7f\u7528BIGMAC\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u6642\u6bb5\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u51fa\u73fe\u81ea\u50b7\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u5716\u5361\u6642\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u81ea\u50b7\u884c\u70ba\uff1bD) \u57fa\u65bc\u884c\u70ba\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5e72\u9810\u7b56\u7565\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6548\u5ea6\uff0c\u8a72\u81ea\u9589\u75c7\u5152\u7ae5\u7684\u6559\u5e2b\u5c0d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5be6\u65bd\u904e\u7a0b\u53ca\u6210\u6548\u8868\u793a\u8a8d\u540c\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","class_list":["post-425450","tnc_col_19631_item","type-tnc_col_19631_item","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","tnc_tax_19912-education","tnc_tax_19818-chinese","tnc_tax_19716-school-of-education","tnc_tax_19659-master-thesis","tnc_tax_19651-master"],"taxonomy_info":[],"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":[],"comment_info":0,"featured_img":false,"coauthors":[],"author_meta":{"author_link":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/author\/emilychan\/","display_name":"emily chan"},"relative_dates":{"created":"Posted 7 \u5929 ago","modified":"Updated 3 \u5929 ago"},"absolute_dates":{"created":"Posted on 21 8 \u6708, 2026","modified":"Updated on 24 8 \u6708, 2026"},"absolute_dates_time":{"created":"Posted on 21 8 \u6708, 2026 12:39 \u4e0a\u5348","modified":"Updated on 24 8 \u6708, 2026 12:15 \u4e0b\u5348"},"featured_img_caption":"","tax_additional":{"tnc_tax_19912":{"linked":["EDUCATION<\/a>"],"unlinked":["EDUCATION<\/span>"],"slug":"tnc_tax_19912","name":"PROGRAMME"},"tnc_tax_19818":{"linked":["CHINESE<\/a>"],"unlinked":["CHINESE<\/span>"],"slug":"tnc_tax_19818","name":"LANGUAGE"},"tnc_tax_19765":{"linked":[],"unlinked":[],"slug":"tnc_tax_19765","name":"SUPERVISOR(S)"},"tnc_tax_19716":{"linked":["SCHOOL OF EDUCATION<\/a>"],"unlinked":["SCHOOL OF EDUCATION<\/span>"],"slug":"tnc_tax_19716","name":"FACULTY \/ RESEARCH UNIT"},"tnc_tax_19659":{"linked":["THESIS & DISSERTATION<\/a>"],"unlinked":["THESIS & DISSERTATION<\/span>"],"slug":"tnc_tax_19659","name":"Document Type"},"tnc_tax_19651":{"linked":["MASTER<\/a>"],"unlinked":["MASTER<\/span>"],"slug":"tnc_tax_19651","name":"DEGREE LEVEL"}},"series_order":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tnc_col_19631_item\/425450","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tnc_col_19631_item"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/tnc_col_19631_item"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=425450"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tnc_col_19631_item\/425450\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":430596,"href":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tnc_col_19631_item\/425450\/revisions\/430596"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=425450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}