{"id":425498,"date":"2026-08-21T00:39:12","date_gmt":"2026-08-20T16:39:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/?post_type=tnc_col_19631_item&p=425498"},"modified":"2026-08-24T12:15:27","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T04:15:27","slug":"study-on-influencing-factors-of-university-students-entrepreneurial-intention-greater-bay-area-as-an-example","status":"publish","type":"tnc_col_19631_item","link":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/student-thesis-dissertation\/study-on-influencing-factors-of-university-students-entrepreneurial-intention-greater-bay-area-as-an-example\/","title":{"rendered":"STUDY ON INFLUENCING FACTORS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION : GREATER BAY AREA AS AN EXAMPLE"},"content":{"rendered":"

THIS STUDY EXAMINES THE IMPACT OF SMARTPHONE USAGE BEHAVIOR AMONG UPPER PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF MACAU ON THEIR INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS. THE RAPID RISE IN SMARTPHONE USAGE AMONG YOUNGER AGE GROUPS HAS AROUSED CONCERNS AMONG PARENTS, SCHOOLS, AND TEACHERS ABOUT SMARTPHONE ADDICTION AND ITS NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES. FURTHERMORE, MACAU IS SET TO INTRODUCE GUIDELINES AND METHODS FOR SMARTPHONE MANAGEMENT ON CAMPUS TO REDUCE STUDENTS’ DISTRACTION IN CLASS AND EXCESSIVE USAGE. EXISTING RESEARCH ON SMARTPHONE USAGE BEHAVIOR IN MACAU HAS MAINLY FOCUSED ON UNIVERSITY AND MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS, WITH A LACK OF STUDIES ON UPPER PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS. FIVE SCHOOLS IN THE NORTHERN DISTRICT PARTICIPATED IN THIS STUDY. AN “”ONLINE QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY”” WAS USED TO COLLECT DATA, WHICH WAS THEN ANALYZED USING SPSS STATISTICAL SOFTWARE. THE SUBJECTS OF THE SURVEY WERE 1,286 STUDENTS FROM GRADE 4 TO GRADE 6 IN THE 2024\/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. THE RESEARCHERS CONDUCTED A PRE-TEST WITH 62 FOURTH-GRADE STUDENTS. THE QUESTIONNAIRE WAS DIVIDED INTO FOUR PARTS: THE FIRST PART COVERED STUDENTS’ BACKGROUND INFORMATION; THE SECOND PART FOCUSED ON UPPER PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ SMARTPHONE USAGE BEHAVIOR, INCLUDING FOUR DIMENSIONS: PRIVACY, DEPENDENCE, INFLUENCE, AND PERSONAL STYLE RELATED TO SMARTPHONES; THE THIRD PART ADDRESSED UPPER PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS, INCLUDING FOUR DIMENSIONS: RELATIONSHIPS WITH FAMILY, REAL-WORLD INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS, VIRTUAL INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS, AND GROUP ACCEPTANCE; THE FOURTH PART PERTAINED TO ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS, INCLUDING FOUR SUBJECTS: CHINESE, ENGLISH, MATHEMATICS, AND GENERAL STUDIES. THE SURVEY RESULTS SHOWED THAT THE QUESTIONNAIRE HAD GOOD RELIABILITY. RESEARCH RESULTS: INDEPENDENT SAMPLES T-TEST INDICATED THAT GIRLS’ “”DEPENDENCE”” WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER THAN THAT OF BOYS (T = \u20134.345, P < .001), WHILE BOYS' ""PRIVACY"" WAS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER THAN THAT OF GIRLS (T = 3.339, P < .001). ONE-WAY ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE REVEALED THAT THE HIGHER THE GRADE, THE HIGHER THE SCORES IN ""PRIVACY"" AND ""INFLUENCE"" (F = 16.92, P < .001); STUDENTS WHO STARTED USING SMARTPHONES AT THE AGE OF 3\u20135 HAD THE HIGHEST LEVEL OF ""DEPENDENCE"" (F = 25.72, P < .001); THE GROUP THAT USED SMARTPHONES FOR \u22655 DAYS A WEEK AND \u22654 HOURS ON HOLIDAYS SCORED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN ALL FOUR DIMENSIONS THAN THE LOW-FREQUENCY\/SHORT-DURATION GROUP (\u0397\u00b2 = .03\u2013.13). PEARSON PRODUCT-MOMENT CORRELATION ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THE CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS BETWEEN ""DEPENDENCE"" AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS, AS WELL AS BETWEEN ""DEPENDENCE"" AND REAL-WORLD INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS, WERE \u2013.251 (P < .01) AND \u2013.058 (P < .05) RESPECTIVELY, INDICATING SIGNIFICANT NEGATIVE CORRELATIONS; WHILE THE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT BETWEEN ""DEPENDENCE"" AND VIRTUAL INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS WAS .442 (P < .01), SHOWING A SIGNIFICANT POSITIVE CORRELATION. THE ""DEPENDENCE"" DIMENSION WAS SIGNIFICANTLY NEGATIVELY CORRELATED WITH ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE. LINEAR REGRESSION DEMONSTRATED THAT UPPER PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' SMARTPHONE ""DEPENDENCE"" HAD A STABLE NEGATIVE PREDICTIVE EFFECT ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS (\u0392 = \u2013.152 TO \u2013.231, P < .05), WHICH WAS PARTICULARLY SIGNIFICANT IN ENGLISH AND MATHEMATICS. MEANWHILE, ""DEPENDENCE"" AND ""PRIVACY"" NEGATIVELY PREDICTED RELATIONSHIPS WITH FAMILY AND REAL-WORLD INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS (\u0392 = \u2013.198 TO \u2013.219, P < .001), WHILE ""PERSONAL STYLE"" POSITIVELY PREDICTED GROUP ACCEPTANCE (\u0392 = .164, P < .001). SMARTPHONE USAGE BEHAVIOR HAS A DUAL EFFECT: EXCESSIVE DEPENDENCE AND LONG-DURATION USAGE WEAKEN ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND REAL-WORLD INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS, WHILE MODERATE PERSONALIZED USAGE IS BENEFICIAL TO SOCIAL BELONGING. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT FAMILIES, SCHOOLS, AND SOCIETY SHOULD WORK TOGETHER TO HELP STUDENTS USE SMARTPHONES HEALTHILY THROUGH TIME MANAGEMENT, EDUCATIONAL GUIDANCE, AND POLICY REGULATIONS. 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