{"id":425509,"date":"2026-08-21T00:39:13","date_gmt":"2026-08-20T16:39:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/?post_type=tnc_col_19631_item&#038;p=425509"},"modified":"2026-08-24T12:15:24","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T04:15:24","slug":"%e9%81%8b%e7%94%a8%e4%ba%ba%e5%b7%a5%e6%99%ba%e8%83%bd%e8%a6%96%e8%a6%ba%e4%b8%8b%e6%be%b3%e9%96%80%e5%b9%bc%e7%a8%9a%e5%9c%92%e6%95%99%e5%b8%ab%e7%9a%84%e7%b4%a0%e9%a4%8a%e8%88%87%e6%8c%91%e6%88%b0","status":"publish","type":"tnc_col_19631_item","link":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/student-thesis-dissertation\/%e9%81%8b%e7%94%a8%e4%ba%ba%e5%b7%a5%e6%99%ba%e8%83%bd%e8%a6%96%e8%a6%ba%e4%b8%8b%e6%be%b3%e9%96%80%e5%b9%bc%e7%a8%9a%e5%9c%92%e6%95%99%e5%b8%ab%e7%9a%84%e7%b4%a0%e9%a4%8a%e8%88%87%e6%8c%91%e6%88%b0\/","title":{"rendered":"\u904b\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8996\u89ba\u4e0b\u6fb3\u9580\u5e7c\u7a1a\u5712\u6559\u5e2b\u7684\u7d20\u990a\u8207\u6311\u6230 -\u57fa\u65bc\u6559\u80b2\u65b0\u5e38\u614b\u4e4b\u63a2\u8a0e"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>DESPITE ONGOING GOVERNMENT INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION REFORMS, MACAU FACES CHALLENGES IN EFFECTIVENESS. TEACHERS CRUCIALLY INFLUENCE OUTCOMES, YET EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON THEIR EFFICACY REMAINS SCARCE COMPARED TO CURRICULUM\/STUDENT STUDIES, POTENTIALLY LEADING TO POLICIES OVERLOOKING INTRINSIC TEACHER MOTIVATION.PURPOSE: ASSESS MACAU K-12 TEACHERS&#8217; OVERALL TEACHING EFFICACY LEVEL AND ITS THREE DIMENSIONS; ANALYZE INFLUENCING PERSONAL\/ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS; PROPOSE TARGETED LOCAL STRATEGIES FOR POLICY\/TRAINING.METHODS: USING TSCHANNEN-MORAN&#8217;S THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL (INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES, CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT, STUDENT ENGAGEMENT) AND THE CHINESE TSES, 151 MACAU TEACHERS WERE SURVEYED; DATA ANALYZED.RESULTS: EFFICACY WAS MEDIUM-HIGH OVERALL BUT UNEVEN ACROSS DIMENSIONS. INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES SCORED HIGHEST (HIGH CONFIDENCE IN CURRICULUM\/TEACHING METHODS). CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT WAS ROBUST (REFLECTING TRAINING\/SUPPORT). STUDENT ENGAGEMENT SCORED LOWEST (CHALLENGES MOTIVATING\/ENGAGING STUDENTS). SIGNIFICANT EFFICACY DIFFERENCES EXISTED BASED ON AGE, SENIORITY, CLASS SIZE, SCHOOL TYPE\/SIZE; NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES BY GENDER, EDUCATION, POSITION, OR TEACHING LEVEL.CONCLUSIONS: EFFICACY EXHIBITED A DESCENDING PATTERN: LEARNING GUIDANCE &gt; CULTIVATING THINKING &gt; BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT. CONFIDENCE WAS HIGH IN ACADEMIC GUIDANCE BUT WEAK REGARDING FAMILY ISSUES\/DISCIPLINE, HIGHLIGHTING NEEDS IN HOME-SCHOOL COLLABORATION AND HIGHER-ORDER THINKING. BREAKING BOTTLENECKS REQUIRES CAPABILITY TRANSFER ACROSS DIMENSIONS.PROFESSIONALISM &gt; IDENTITY: HIGHER QUALIFICATIONS DIDN&#8217;T STATISTICALLY IMPROVE EFFICACY; PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE APPEARS MORE CRUCIAL.SMALL-CLASS EFFICACY DECLINE: CLASSES OF 16-20 SHOWED POORER STRATEGY\/EFFICACY DESPITE SMALL-CLASS POLICIES, SUGGESTING SKILL GAPS OR INADEQUATE POLICY\/RESOURCE IMPLEMENTATION.SCHOOL SUPPORT GAP: MEDIUM-SIZED SCHOOLS HAD SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER STUDENT ENGAGEMENT\/EFFICACY THAN LARGE (21+ CLASSES) OR SMALL (\u22646 CLASSES) SCHOOLS, FACING RESOURCE\/ADMINISTRATIVE BOTTLENECKS WITHOUT MICRO-SCHOOL FLEXIBILITY OR LARGE-SCHOOL RESOURCE INTEGRATION CAPABILITIES. RESOURCE FLEXIBILITY\/SUPPORT IMPACTED EFFICACY. RECOMMENDATIONS: STRENGTHEN TEACHER PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT; OPTIMIZE SUPPORT SYSTEMS; ADJUST SMALL-CLASS POLICY RESOURCES TO ENHANCE EFFICACY, IMPROVE QUALITY, AND PROMOTE HOLISTIC STUDENT DEVELOPMENT. \u6fb3\u9580\u653f\u5e9c\u6301\u7e8c\u6295\u5165\u8cc7\u6e90\u63a8\u884c\u591a\u9805\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f46\u6210\u6548\u4ecd\u9762\u81e8\u6311\u6230\u3002\u6559 \u5e2b\u662f\u6559\u5b78\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u57f7\u884c\u8005\u548c\u95dc\u9375\u5f15\u5c0e\u8005\uff0c\u5c0d\u6559\u80b2\u6210\u6548\u5177\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u7136\u800c\u76f8\u8f03\u8ab2 \u7a0b\u8207\u5b78\u751f\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6fb3\u9580\u5c0d\u6559\u5e2b\u6548\u80fd\u611f\u7684\u5be6\u8b49\u63a2\u8a0e\u5c1a\u986f\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u7f3a\u53e3\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u76f8 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