{"id":433998,"date":"2026-08-24T17:23:49","date_gmt":"2026-08-24T09:23:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/?post_type=tnc_col_19837_item&#038;p=433998"},"modified":"2026-08-24T18:33:21","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T10:33:21","slug":"gauge-symmetries-and-the-higgs-mechanism-in-quantum-finance","status":"publish","type":"tnc_col_19837_item","link":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/scholarly-work-usj\/gauge-symmetries-and-the-higgs-mechanism-in-quantum-finance\/","title":{"rendered":"GAUGE SYMMETRIES AND THE HIGGS MECHANISM IN QUANTUM FINANCE"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>BY USING THE HAMILTONIAN FORMULATION, WE DEMONSTRATE THAT THE MERTON-GARMAN EQUATION EMERGES NATURALLY FROM THE BLACK-SCHOLES EQUATION AFTER IMPOSING INVARIANCE (SYMMETRY) UNDER LOCAL (GAUGE) TRANSFORMATIONS OVER CHANGES IN THE STOCK PRICE. THIS IS THE CASE BECAUSE IMPOSING GAUGE SYMMETRY IMPLIES THE APPEARANCE OF AN ADDITIONAL FIELD, WHICH CORRESPONDS TO THE STOCHASTIC VOLATILITY. THE GAUGE SYMMETRY THEN IMPOSES SOME CONSTRAINTS OVER THE FREE PARAMETERS OF THE MERTON-GARMAN HAMILTONIAN. FINALLY, WE ANALYZE HOW THE STOCHASTIC VOLATILITY GETS MASSIVE DYNAMICALLY VIA HIGGS MECHANISM.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","class_list":["post-433998","tnc_col_19837_item","type-tnc_col_19837_item","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","tnc_tax_19818-english","tnc_tax_19716-faculty-of-business-and-law","tnc_tax_19659-journal-article"],"taxonomy_info":[],"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":[],"comment_info":0,"featured_img":false,"coauthors":[],"author_meta":{"author_link":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/author\/emilychan\/","display_name":"emily chan"},"relative_dates":{"created":"Posted 1 \u9031 ago","modified":"Updated 1 \u9031 ago"},"absolute_dates":{"created":"Posted on 24 8 \u6708, 2026","modified":"Updated on 24 8 \u6708, 2026"},"absolute_dates_time":{"created":"Posted on 24 8 \u6708, 2026 5:23 \u4e0b\u5348","modified":"Updated on 24 8 \u6708, 2026 6:33 \u4e0b\u5348"},"featured_img_caption":"","tax_additional":{"tnc_tax_19993":{"linked":[],"unlinked":[],"slug":"tnc_tax_19993","name":"SDGs"},"tnc_tax_19818":{"linked":["<a href=\"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/language\/english\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">ENGLISH<\/a>"],"unlinked":["<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">ENGLISH<\/span>"],"slug":"tnc_tax_19818","name":"LANGUAGE"},"tnc_tax_19716":{"linked":["<a href=\"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/faculty-research-unit\/faculty-of-business-and-law\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND LAW<\/a>"],"unlinked":["<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND LAW<\/span>"],"slug":"tnc_tax_19716","name":"FACULTY \/ RESEARCH UNIT"},"tnc_tax_19664":{"linked":[],"unlinked":[],"slug":"tnc_tax_19664","name":"SUBJECT"},"tnc_tax_19659":{"linked":["<a href=\"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/resource-type\/journal-article\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Journal Article<\/a>"],"unlinked":["<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Journal Article<\/span>"],"slug":"tnc_tax_19659","name":"Document Type"}},"series_order":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tnc_col_19837_item\/433998","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tnc_col_19837_item"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/tnc_col_19837_item"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=433998"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tnc_col_19837_item\/433998\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":436466,"href":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tnc_col_19837_item\/433998\/revisions\/436466"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/library.usj.edu.mo\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=433998"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}