澳門中學教師面對融合學生的教學困擾與融合教育專業知能關係之研究

ABSTRACT

THIS STUDY AIMS TO EXPLORE THE WORK STRESS AND COPING STRATEGIES OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION RESOURCE TEACHERS IN MACAU PRIMARY SCHOOLS DURING LONG-TERM ONLINE COURSES. BASED ON THE FINDINGS, THE STUDY SEEKS TO UNDERSTAND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF WORK STRESS AND COPING MECHANISMS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL RESOURCE TEACHERS, PROVIDING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE PRACTICES AND REFERENCES FOR RELEVANT EDUCATIONAL AUTHORITIES. THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY INVOLVED INTERVIEWING SEVEN PRIMARY SCHOOL RESOURCE TEACHERS, WITH INTERVIEW DATA ANALYZED THROUGH THEMATIC ANALYSIS. THE FINDINGS REVEALED SIX SOURCES OF WORK STRESS FOR RESOURCE TEACHERS IN LONG-TERM ONLINE COURSES: FIRST, PARENTAL AND SOCIETAL EXPECTATION STRESS: PRESSURE FROM PARENTAL SUPERVISION, PASSIVE COOPERATION, AND CHALLENGES IN TEACHING INNOVATION EXACERBATE PSYCHOLOGICAL BURDENS, IMPACTING ONLINE TEACHING EFFECTIVENESS AND TEACHER-STUDENT INTERACTION QUALITY. SECOND, TECHNOLOGICAL ADAPTATION AND RESOURCE LIMITATIONS: TEACHERS FACE TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES, FINANCIAL BURDENS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISRUPTIONS, AFFECTING ONLINE TEACHING QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY. THIRD, WORKLOAD AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT STRESS: ONLINE TEACHING INTENSIFIES DUAL RESPONSIBILITIES, PEER COMPETITION, AND SALARY INEQUITY, WORSENING OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AND JOB DISSATISFACTION. FOURTH, STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES AND BEHAVIOR: STUDENTS’ TECHNOLOGICAL INADEQUACIES, LACK OF FOCUS, LOW COOPERATION, DIFFICULTY IN RECEIVING FEEDBACK, AND EMOTIONAL ISSUES INCREASE TEACHING BURDENS AND HINDER ONLINE INTERACTION EFFECTIVENESS. FIFTH, PERSONAL HEALTH AND WORK-LIFE BALANCE: ONLINE TEACHING EXACERBATES PHYSICAL AND MENTAL STRAIN, INCLUDING PHYSICAL FATIGUE, ROLE CONFLICT, AND PANDEMIC-RELATED ANXIETY, UNDERMINING TEACHING STABILITY AND OCCUPATIONAL SECURITY. SIXTH, POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS: AMBIGUOUS POLICIES AND POOR COURSE ARRANGEMENTS DURING THE PANDEMIC HEIGHTEN DECISION-MAKING PRESSURE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STRAIN, DIMINISHING TEACHING EFFICACY. IN RESPONSE TO THESE STRESSORS, TEACHERS ADOPTED TAILORED COPING STRATEGIES. FINALLY, BASED ON THE FINDINGS, THIS STUDY PROPOSES RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EDUCATIONAL AUTHORITIES, SCHOOLS, PRIMARY SCHOOL RESOURCE TEACHERS, PERSONAL WELL-BEING, AND FUTURE RESEARCH. 本研究旨在探討澳門小學長期線上教學融合教育資源教師的工作壓力和因應的方式，並根據研究結果，了解小學資源教師的工作壓力與因應特性，以作為未來實務之建議及相關教育單位參考。在研究方法上，共訪談七位小學資源教師，並透過主題分析法分析訪談資料。研究結果發現小學資源教師的長期線上教學工作壓力來源有六個：（1）家長與社會期望壓力：家長監督壓力、消極合作與教學創新挑戰加劇教師心理負擔，影響線上教學成效與師生互動品質；（2）技術適應與資源限制：教師面臨技術挑戰、經濟負擔與環境干擾，影響線上教學品質與效能；（3）工作負擔與職業發展壓力：線上教學加重教師雙重任務、同儕競爭與薪資失衡，加劇職業壓力與工作不滿；（4）學生學習效果與行為：學生技術與專注力不足、配合度低、回饋難掌握及情緒問題，加劇教師教學負擔，影響線上互動成效；（5）個人健康與生活平衡：線上教學致教師身心負荷加劇，其中包括生理疲勞、角色衝突與疫情焦慮，衝擊教學穩定性與職業安全感；（6）政策與制度限制：疫情間政策模糊與課程安排失當，加劇教師決策壓力與心理負荷，影響教學效能。而針對疫情期間不同的壓力源，教師採取相對應的壓力因應方式。最後，本研究根據研究結果對教育主管機關、學校單位、小學資源教師、生活方面及未來進行之研究，提出相關建議。