自閉症兒童自傷行為的功能行為評估與行為干預

ABSTRACT

THIS STUDY AIMS TO EXPLORE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MIND MAPPING INSTRUCTION ON PRIMARY 4 STUDENTS’ CHINESE READING ABILITY. USING A PRE-AND POST-TEST QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN WITH A CONTROL GROUP, TWO CLASSES OF FOURTH-GRADE STUDENTS FROM A GIRLS' SCHOOL IN MACAO PARTICIPATED IN THE STUDY, WITH ONE CLASS AS THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP (N = 25) RECEIVING MIND MAPPING READING INSTRUCTION, AND THE OTHER AS THE CONTROL GROUP (N = 16) RECEIVING GENERAL READING INSTRUCTION. BOTH GROUPS RECEIVED INSTRUCTION FOR ABOUT FOUR WEEKS, WITH APPROXIMATELY THREE SESSIONS PER WEEK FOR A TOTAL OF 11 SESSIONS OF 40 MINUTES EACH (I.E., 440 MINUTES IN TOTAL). THE FIRST FIVE SESSIONS FOCUSED ON NARRATIVE TEXTS, AND THE NEXT FIVE SESSIONS FOCUSED ON EXPOSITORY TEXTS, WITH THE LAST SESSION AS A SUMMARY SESSION. BOTH GROUPS TOOK THE PRE-TESTS USING THE NARRATIVE TEXT FROM PIRLS (2021) AND THE EXPOSITORY TEXT FROM THE A3 VERSION OF THE READING COMPREHENSION GROWTH TEST, AND THE POST-TESTS USING THE NARRATIVE TEXT FROM PIRLS (2016) AND THE EXPOSITORY TEXT FROM THE A2 VERSION OF THE READING COMPREHENSION GROWTH TEST. THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP ALSO COMPLETED THE FORM REGARDING THEIR POST-INSTRUCTION FEEDBACK FOR MIND MAPPING INSTRUCTION. MANN-WHITNEY TESTS FOUND THAT GENERAL READING INSTRUCTION DID NOT SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVE GRADE 4 STUDENTS’ CHINESE READING ABILITY, WHEREAS MIND MAPPING INSTRUCTION SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED GRADE 4 STUDENTS’ CHINESE READING ABILITY, WITH MODERATE EFFECT SIZES (RANK-BISERIAL CORRELATION OF 0.70 [NARRATIVE TEXT] AND 0.57 [EXPOSITORY TEXT]). MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP SCORED 0.11-UNIT HIGHER ON THE POST-TEST SCORES OF NARRATIVE TEXT READING THAN THE CONTROL GROUP AFTER CONTROLLING THEIR PRE-TEST SCORES ON NARRATIVE TEXT READING; THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP SCORED 0.13-UNIT HIGHER ON THE POST-TEST SCORES OF EXPOSITORY TEXT READING THAN THE CONTROL GROUP AFTER CONTROLLING THEIR PRE-TEST SCORES ON EXPOSITORY TEXT READING. IN ADDITION, 19 (76%) STUDENTS IN THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP GAVE POSITIVE FEEDBACK FOR THE MIND MAPPING READING INSTRUCTION. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CHINESE TEACHERS, SCHOOLS’ INITIATIVES AT ADVANCING READING INSTRUCTION, AND THE GOVERNMENT’S ENDEAVOR AT TEACHER TRAINING RELATED TO MIND MAPPING INSTRUCTION. LIMITATIONS OF THE CURRENT STUDY AND FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS WERE ALSO DISCUSSED.  本研究者旨在探究心智圖教學對提升小學四年級學生中文閱讀能力的成效。採用有對照組的前後測準實驗研究設計，選取澳門某女校四年級兩個班級的學生作為研究對象，一個班級作為實驗組（N = 25）接受心智圖閱讀教學，另一個班級作為對照組（N = 16）接受一般閱讀教學。兩組均接受為期大約4週的教學，每週大約3節課，共11節，每節課40分鐘，總共440分鐘;首5節進行記敘文教學，後5節進行說明文教學，最段1節進行教學總結。兩組在接受相應的閱讀教學前，均接受了PIRLS（2021）的文藝性文章和《閱讀理解成長測驗》A3版本的說明文閱讀測驗;在完成教學後，均接受了PIRLS（2016）的文藝性文章和《閱讀理解成長測驗》A2版本的說明文閱讀測驗。實驗組在完成心智圖教學後也填寫了《對心智圖教學的反饋問卷》。MANN-WHITNEY檢驗發現，一般閱讀教學沒有顯著提升四年級學生中文閱讀能力；心智圖閱讀教學顯著提升四年級學生中文閱讀能力，效應值達到中等程度（RANK-BISERIAL CORRELATION為0.70[記敘文]和0.57[說明文]）。多重回歸分析表明，控制了記敘文閱讀前測分數之後，接受心智圖閱讀教學的學生在記敘文後測分數上會比接受一般閱讀教學的學生高0.11個單位；控制了說明文閱讀前測分數之後，接受心智圖教學的學生在說明文後測分數上會比接受一般閱讀教學的學生高0.13個單位。此外，19名（76%）接受心智圖教學的學生對心智圖教學給出正向的反饋，認為心智圖能幫助她們提升閱讀能力、分析和統整文章內容、歸納文章重點、增強對文章的記憶，以及提升閱讀的趣味性。研究者針對中文老師、學校閱讀教學的推動以及政府在心智圖教學培訓方面，提出相應的建議；對本研究的不足之處和未來研究的方向也給出了建議。