ABSTRACT

THE GAMING INDUSTRY HAS ALWAYS BEEN THE LEADING SECTOR IN MACAU AND IS ONE OF THE MAIN OCCUPATIONS IN THE REGION. IN 2023, GAMING EMPLOYEES ACCOUNTED FOR 18.2% OF THE TOTAL EMPLOYMENT IN MACAU, MAKING THEM A SIGNIFICANT PORTION OF THE WORKFORCE. RESEARCH SHOWS THAT GAMING EMPLOYEES EXPERIENCE HIGH LEVELS OF WORK STRESS, WHICH CAN DIRECTLY AFFECT OCCUPATIONAL FATIGUE AND MAY ALSO TRIGGER ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION. WORKPLACE FATIGUE AND EMOTIONAL HEALTH NOT ONLY IMPACT INDIVIDUAL PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING BUT ALSO AFFECT THEIR FAMILIES, WORK, AND INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS. THEREFORE, THE EMOTIONAL HEALTH AND WORKPLACE FATIGUE OF GAMING EMPLOYEES DESERVE PUBLIC ATTENTION. THIS STUDY AIMS TO EXPLORE THE WORK ADJUSTMENT MEASURES, STRESS COPING METHODS, EMOTIONAL HEALTH, WORKPLACE FATIGUE, AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS AMONG GAMING EMPLOYEES. THE RESEARCH FOCUSES ON MACAU’S GAMING EMPLOYEES, EMPLOYING A QUANTITATIVE APPROACH. USING NON-RANDOM SAMPLING, ELECTRONIC QUESTIONNAIRES WERE SENT TO MANAGERS OF MACAU'S SIX MAJOR GAMING COMPANIES FROM OCTOBER TO DECEMBER 2023, ULTIMATELY COLLECTING 563 VALID RESPONSES, WITH MALES ACCOUNTING FOR 45.6% AND FEMALES FOR 54.4%. THE STUDY UTILIZED SPSS 23 STATISTICAL SOFTWARE FOR QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS, FIRST CONDUCTING DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS, FOLLOWED BY INDEPENDENT SAMPLES T-TESTS, ONE-WAY ANOVA, AND FINALLY PEARSON CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS. THE STUDY FOUND DIFFERENCES IN COPING METHODS BASED ON GENDER, AGE, EDUCATION LEVEL, MARITAL STATUS, SHIFT PATTERNS, AND MONTHLY SALARY AMONG GAMING EMPLOYEES. DIFFERENCES IN WORKPLACE FATIGUE WERE FOUND RELATED TO GENDER, AGE, EDUCATION LEVEL, MARITAL STATUS, LIVING CONDITIONS, YEARS OF WORK EXPERIENCE, JOB POSITION, AND MONTHLY SALARY. AGE, EDUCATION LEVEL, AND MARITAL STATUS ALSO SHOWED DIFFERENCES IN EMOTIONAL HEALTH. IN TERMS OF WORK ADJUSTMENTS, 67.1% OF RESPONDENTS TOOK PARENTAL LEAVE, FOLLOWED BY 54.2% WHO TOOK UNPAID LEAVE, AND 9.8% WHO WERE TRANSFERRED. THE AVERAGE SCORE FOR PERSONAL FATIGUE WAS 40.90 ± 23.125, WHILE THE AVERAGE SCORE FOR WORK FATIGUE WAS 40.62 ± 21.405, FOLLOWED BY CLIENT-RELATED FATIGUE AT 36.65 ± 21.056, AND WORK OVER-INVOLVEMENT AT 24.22 ± 18.987. THE AVERAGE SCORE FOR DEPRESSION WAS 10.60 ± 8.974, INDICATING MILD TO MODERATE LEVELS; ANXIETY HAD AN AVERAGE SCORE OF 11.26 ± 8.567, INDICATING MODERATE TO SEVERE LEVELS; AND STRESS AVERAGED 9.96 ± 8.418, FALLING WITHIN THE NORMAL TO MILD RANGE. AMONG THE RESPONDENTS, 33.9% EXHIBITED SEVERE TO VERY SEVERE ANXIETY SYMPTOMS, WHILE 16% SHOWED SEVERE TO VERY SEVERE DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS. WE ALSO FOUND A POSITIVE CORRELATION BETWEEN WORKPLACE FATIGUE AND EMOTIONAL HEALTH AMONG GAMING EMPLOYEES: THE HIGHER THE LEVEL OF WORKPLACE FATIGUE, THE POORER THE EMOTIONAL HEALTH, AND VICE VERSA. THERE WAS NO CORRELATION BETWEEN WORK ADJUSTMENT MEASURES AND WORKPLACE FATIGUE. HOWEVER, WORK ADJUSTMENT MEASURES WERE RELATED TO EMOTIONAL HEALTH AND COULD PREDICT IT, WITH MORE ADJUSTMENTS CORRELATING TO BETTER EMOTIONAL HEALTH. FINALLY, IN TERMS OF STRESS COPING, THE USE OF EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION METHODS SHOWED A NEGATIVE CORRELATION WITH EMOTIONAL HEALTH AND WORKPLACE FATIGUE, INDICATING THAT THE MORE THESE METHODS WERE EMPLOYED, THE BETTER THE EMOTIONAL HEALTH AND THE LOWER THE WORKPLACE FATIGUE. LEISURE ACTIVITIES AND ONLINE GAMBLING CATEGORIES CAN REDUCE BOTH PERSONAL AND WORK-RELATED FATIGUE. HOWEVER, ONLINE GAMBLING AND PHYSICAL GAMBLING CAN INCREASE SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY AMONG GAMING EMPLOYEES, WHILE ONLINE GAMBLING CAN ALSO INCREASE STRESS SYMPTOMS. THE STUDY RECOMMENDS THAT GAMING COMPANIES AND RELEVANT DEPARTMENTS PROVIDE ON-THE-JOB TRAINING FOR EMPLOYEES, ENHANCE SKILLS TO COPE WITH STRESS, ESTABLISH MENTAL HEALTH INDICATORS, AND REGULARLY EVALUATE EMPLOYEES TO IMPLEMENT INDIVIDUALIZED MEASURES AIMED AT IMPROVING WORKPLACE FATIGUE AND EMOTIONAL HEALTH. THE RESULTS OF THIS STUDY CAN PROVIDE VALUABLE INSIGHTS FOR POLICYMAKERS AND THE MANAGEMENT OF GAMING ESTABLISHMENTS IN MACAU TO FORMULATE RELEVANT POLICIES TO REDUCE WORKPLACE FATIGUE AMONG GAMING EMPLOYEES AND IMPROVE THEIR EMOTIONAL HEALTH, THEREBY ENHANCING THEIR WORKING ENVIRONMENT AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT. 博彩業一直是澳門的龍頭產業，是澳門主要的職業行業之一， 2023年博彩從業員佔澳門就業人數18.2%，是澳門主要的就業勞動人口。研究顯示博彩從業員的工作壓力很大，而工作壓力會直接影響職業疲勞，也可能引發焦慮和抑鬱。職場疲勞和情緒健康不但影響個人生理和心理問題，還會影響其家庭和工作，以及人際關係，因此，他們的情緒健康和職場疲勞值得社會大眾關注。 本研究旨在探討博彩從業員工作調整措施，壓力應對方法、情緒健康、職場疲勞以及它們的相關性。研究以澳門博彩從業員為研究對象，採用量化方式進行，以非隨機抽樣方法，在2023年10月至12月向澳門六大博企管理人員發送電子問卷，最終回收問卷563份，男性佔45.6%，女性佔54.4%。研究使用SPSS 23 統計軟件進行量化分析，資料首先作描述性統計分析、再以獨立樣本T檢定、其次以單因數變異數（ANOVA）、最後以PEARSON相關係數和迴歸分析檢定數據。 研究發現，博彩從業員的性別、年齡、教育程度、婚姻狀況、輪班模式和每月薪酬與壓力應對方法呈現差異。性別、年齡、教育程度、婚姻狀況、居住狀況、工作年資、工作職位和每月薪酬與職場疲勞有差異。年齡、教育程度、婚姻狀況與情緒健康有差異。博彩從業員在工作調整上，放親子假最多佔67.1%，其次放無薪假佔54.2%，被調職佔9.8%。個人疲勞平均數為40.90±23.125分及工作疲勞平均數40.62±21.405分最高，其次是服務對象疲勞平均數為36.65±21.056分，工作過度投入平均數為24.22±18.987分。抑鬱平均數為10.60±8.974分屬於輕度至中度水平；焦慮平均數為11.26±8.567分，屬於中度至重度水平；壓力平均數為9.96±8.418分，屬於正常至輕度範圍。當中有33.9%的人士的焦慮徵狀顯示出嚴重和非常嚴重程度，而有16%的受訪者的抑鬱徵狀呈現嚴重和非常嚴重程度。我們還發現，博彩從業員的職場疲勞與情緒健康存在正相關，職場疲勞程度越高，情緒健康越差，反之亦然。工作調整措施與職場疲勞沒有相關性。然而工作調整措施與情緒健康存在關係，並可以預測情緒健康，工作調整越多，情緒健康越好。最後，在壓力應對上，傾訴類別與情緒健康和職場疲勞呈現負相關，並有預測效果，亦即傾訴類別使用的方法得分越多，情緒健康越好，職場疲勞也越低。休閒類別和網上博彩類別能減低個人和工作疲勞。網上博彩類別、實體博彩類別會增加博彩從業員的抑鬱、焦慮徵狀，而網上博彩類別會增加壓力徵狀。研究建議博企及相關部門為員工提供在職培訓，加強技能應對壓力，制定精神健康指標並定期為員工評估，因應個別化推出措施，改善職場疲勞和情緒健康。 本研究的結果能為政策制定者和澳門幸運博彩娛樂場管理部門提供有價值的見解，制定相關政策，以減低博彩從業員的職場疲勞和改善他們的情緒健康，改善他們的工作環境和職業發展。