A STUDY OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN JOB AUTONOMY, ORGANISATIONAL JUSTICE, ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN MACAU

ABSTRACT

THE PHENOMENON OF BURNOUT HAS BEEN RECOGNISED AS A WORLDWIDE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH ISSUE AFTER BEING VASTLY STUDIED FOR DECADES. TRAIT EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE (TRAIT EI) AND RESILIENCE HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED AS PERSONAL PROTECTIVE FACTORS (GUTIERREZ & MULLEN, 2016; LISTOPAD ET AL., 2021), WHILE ORGANISATIONAL SOCIALISATION IS SUGGESTED TO BE AN ORGANISATIONAL FACTOR IN HELPING PEOPLE IN PREVENTING BURNOUT (TAORMINA & LAW, 2000). WITH THE PURPOSE OF 1) INVESTIGATING THE PHENOMENON IN THE COUNSELLING PROFESSION, AS WELL AS 2) EXPLORING HOW TRAIT EI AND RESILIENCE ARE RELATED TO BURNOUT AND WHETHER ORGANISATIONAL SOCIALISATION MIGHT IMPOSE MODERATING EFFECTS IN BETWEEN, THE PRESENT STUDY EXAMINED 115 COUNSELLING PROFESSIONALS CURRENTLY EMPLOYED AND WORKING IN ORGANISATIONAL SETTINGS IN MACAU BY SNOWBALL SAMPLING, USING A QUANTITATIVE AND CROSS-SECTIONAL APPROACH THROUGH SELF-REPORTED ONLINE QUESTIONNAIRES.    FROM THE DATA OBTAINED, DIFFERENT BURNOUT PATTERNS WERE OBSERVED ACCORDING TO JOB TITLES AND WORK SETTINGS, INDICATING THAT COUNSELLING PROFESSIONALS WITH DIFFERENT SPECIALTIES AND WORK IN DIFFERENT SETTINGS HAVE UNIQUE SOURCES OF STRESS, WHICH RESULTING IN DIFFERENCES IN THEIR BURNOUT PATTERNS. NO BETWEEN-GROUP DIFFERENCES WERE OBSERVED IN AGE AND WORK EXPERIENCE, WHILE MALE PARTICIPANTS HAVE A HIGHER BURNOUT PERCEPTION THAN FEMALE PARTICIPANTS IN THE CURRENT STUDY.   ON THE OTHER HAND, CURRENT RESULTS SUGGESTED TRAIT EI AND FOUR COMPONENTS OF RESILIENCE (DETERMINATION, ENDURANCE, ADAPTABILITY AND RECUPERABILITY) ARE NEGATIVELY CORRELATED TO COUNSELLING PROFESSIONALS’ BURNOUT PERCEPTION, PROVIDING SUPPORTIVE EVIDENCE THAT TRAIT EI AND RESILIENCE ARE PROTECTIVE FACTORS AGAINST BURNOUT. MODERATION ANALYSIS RESULTS REVEALED THAT ORGANISATIONAL SOCIALISATION HAS SOME MODERATING EFFECTS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRAIT EI, RESILIENCE AND BURNOUT. HOWEVER, DIFFERENCES IN DIRECTION AND INTENSITY INDICATED THAT THE MODERATING EFFECTS OF ORGANISATIONAL SOCIALISATION MIGHT BE INFLUENCED BY INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES. FURTHER STUDIES ARE NEEDED TO BETTER THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE MODERATING EFFECT OF ORGANISATIONAL SOCIALISATION. LIMITATIONS OF THE CURRENT RESEARCH AND IMPLICATIONS FOR COUNSELLING PROFESSIONALS AND ORGANISATIONS WERE ALSO DISCUSSED IN THE STUDY