PARENTAL STRESS AND FAMILY RELATIONS IN MACAO: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF PARENTING STYLES

ABSTRACT

THE MACAU SIX GAMING CONCESSIONAIRES ARE ENCOURAGED TO DIVERSIFY THEIR BUSINESS ACTIVITIES BEYOND THE GAMING SECTOR TO PROMOTE A MORE BALANCED ECONOMY IN MACAU. IT IS WORTH NOTING THAT A SUBSTANTIAL PORTION OF THE WORKFORCE WITHIN THESE ORGANIZATIONS IS EMPLOYED IN NON-GAMING SECTORS. UNLIKE PREVIOUS STUDIES THAT PRIMARILY CONCENTRATED ON THE GAMING SECTOR, THIS STUDY AIMS TO ASSESS THE EXTENT OF WORK ENGAGEMENT AMONG ALL EMPLOYEES, ENCOMPASSING BOTH GAMING AND NON-GAMING EMPLOYEES, WITHIN THE SIX GAMING CONCESSIONAIRES OF MACAU. IT ALSO AIMS TO EXPLORE THE CORRELATION BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND WORK ENGAGEMENT, AS WELL AS THE MEDIATING ROLE OF JOB SATISFACTION IN THIS RELATIONSHIP. THE SURVEY DESIGN UTILIZED CONVENIENCE AND REFERRAL SAMPLING METHODS TO SELECT THE SAMPLE. A QUANTITATIVE APPROACH WAS EMPLOYED, AND DATA WAS COLLECTED THROUGH AN ONLINE SELF-RESPONSE QUESTIONNAIRE WITH A TOTAL OF 396 PARTICIPANTS.  THE STUDY FINDINGS REVEAL A POSITIVE CORRELATION AMONG ALL VARIABLES, WITH A PARTICULARLY STRONG RELATIONSHIP OBSERVED BETWEEN SUPPORTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND VARIOUS ASPECTS OF WORK ENGAGEMENT. NOTABLY, THE MEDIATING VARIABLE OF JOB SATISFACTION, SPECIFICALLY THE NATURE OF WORK, HAD A MORE SIGNIFICANT IMPACT THAN THE DIRECT EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON EMOTIONAL AND PHYSICAL WORK ENGAGEMENT. THESE FINDINGS SUGGEST THAT ORGANIZATIONS SHOULD PRIORITIZE THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SUPPORTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE TO ENHANCE WORK ENGAGEMENT. FURTHERMORE, IT IS CRUCIAL TO PROVIDE EMPLOYEES WITH MOTIVATING AND MEANINGFUL WORK THAT GIVES THEM A SENSE OF ACCOMPLISHMENT UPON COMPLETION. FUTURE STUDIES COULD EXPLORE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND WORK ENGAGEMENT BY EXAMINING TWO DISTINCT EMPLOYEE GROUPS, SUCH AS LOCAL EMPLOYEES AND EXPATRIATES