STUDY OF THE POLICIES REGULATING JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN MACAU

ABSTRACT

THIS DISSERTATION EXAMINES THE CRITICAL NEED TO CONTINUOUSLY UPDATE THE INTERNATIONAL TAX LAW AGAINST TAX AVOIDANCE: “STATUS QUO” AND PERSPECTIVES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CURRENT REGIME. EMPLOYING A DOCTRINAL METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH, THE RESEARCH FIRST SEEKS TO UNCOVER THE MOST COMMON FORMS OF INTERNATIONAL TAX AVOIDANCE THROUGH AN EXTENSIVE LITERATURE REVIEW. THIS CRUCIAL STEP PROVIDES INVALUABLE INSIGHTS INTO THE DIVERSE STRATEGIES AND MECHANISMS UTILIZED BY INDIVIDUALS AND BUSINESSES TO CIRCUMVENT TAXATION ON A GLOBAL SCALE. THE DISSERTATION THEN PROCEEDS TO EXAMINE HOW CURRENT INTERNATIONAL TAX LAW ADDRESSES THE IDENTIFIED FORMS OF TAX AVOIDANCE. THIS IMPLIES A MULTI-FACETED ANALYSIS, INCLUDING AN IDENTIFICATION OF THE RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL NORMS AND TREATIES, AND AN EXPLORATION OF THE MAIN SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL TAX LAW AND THEIR PRACTICAL APPLICATION. RECOGNIZING THE DYNAMIC NATURE OF THE GLOBAL TAX LANDSCAPE, THE DISSERTATION ALSO PROVIDES PERSPECTIVES FOR THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TAX LAW TO BETTER ADDRESS THE CHALLENGE OF TAX AVOIDANCE. BY THOROUGHLY EXAMINING THE STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF THE CURRENT INTERNATIONAL TAX LAW REGIME, THE DISSERTATION OFFERS RECOMMENDATIONS FOR POTENTIAL IMPROVEMENTS TO THE APPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL TAX AVOIDANCE CONVENTIONS. THE FINDINGS OF THIS COMPREHENSIVE STUDY CONTRIBUTE TO THE BROADER UNDERSTANDING OF INTERNATIONAL TAX AVOIDANCE AND ITS REGULATION WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF INTERNATIONAL LAW. THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND OBJECTIVES SERVE AS A GUIDING FRAMEWORK, ENABLING A THOROUGH ANALYSIS THAT CAN INFORM PRACTITIONERS, AND SCHOLARS ENGAGED IN THE ONGOING DISCOURSE SURROUNDING GLOBAL TAXATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR ECONOMIC FAIRNESS AND TRANSPARENCY