澳門融合學校小學教師對語言治療了解 及對校本語言治療的看法

ABSTRACT

THIS STUDY FOCUSES ON THE FIELD OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION USING QUALITATIVE METHODS,  CONDUCTING SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS WITH EIGHT SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN A  SCHOOL IN MACAU THAT IS NOT PARTICIPATING IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION PROGRAMS. EMPLOYING  ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS THEORY, IT EXPLORES THEIR UNDERSTANDING, PERCEPTIONS, WILLINGNESS  TOWARD INCLUSIVE EDUCATION, THE CHALLENGES THEY FACE, AND THEIR SUGGESTIONS.  THE FINDINGS REVEAL THAT INTERACTIONS AMONG VARIOUS SYSTEMIC LEVELS SHAPE  TEACHERS' ATTITUDES. AT THE MACROSYSTEM, LIMITED SOCIETAL UNDERSTANDING AND PREVALENT  PUBLIC PREJUDICES AGAINST STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS INFLUENCE TEACHERS' PERCEPTIONS  AND ACCEPTANCE. THE EXOSYSTEM HIGHLIGHTS A LACK OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING AND POLICY  SUPPORT, UNDERMINING TEACHERS' CAPABILITIES AND CONFIDENCE. COMMUNICATION BARRIERS  BETWEEN TEACHERS, PARENTS, AND COLLEAGUES WITHIN THE MESOSYSTEM HINDER THE EXCHANGE  OF INFORMATION ABOUT STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS. AT THE MICROSYSTEM, TEACHERS'  PERSONAL PERCEPTIONS AND EXPERIENCES MOLD THEIR ATTITUDES, WHERE STEREOTYPES AND  NEGATIVE EXPERIENCES IMPACT THEIR APPROACH AND, CONSEQUENTLY, STUDENT LEARNING. TO  ADDRESS THESE CHALLENGES, TEACHERS SUGGEST THAT MACAU SHOULD ESTABLISH BACHELOR'S  DEGREE PROGRAMS, ENHANCE TEACHER TRAINING, AND INCREASE SOCIETAL ADVOCACY.  ADDITIONALLY, SCHOOLS SHOULD CREATE TEAMS FOCUSED ON INCLUSIVE EDUCATION AND ENSURE  THE PROVISION OF NECESSARY RESOURCES.  BASED ON THESE INSIGHTS, THIS STUDY SUGGESTS THAT SCHOOL SHOULD BUILD INCLUSIVE  EDUCATION TEAMS AND PROVIDE SCHOOL-BASED TRAINING PROGRAMS, AND THE GOVERNMENT  SHOULD IMPROVE THE PRACTICALITY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND ENHANCE PUBLIC AND PARENTAL  UNDERSTANDING OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION, TO FACILITATE ITS EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION BY  TEACHERS.  本研究聚焦於融合教育領域，採用質性研究方法，透過半結構式訪談收集 八位澳門非參與融合教育計劃學校中學教師的見解，並以生態系統理論為框 架，探討他們對融合教育的認知、看法、實施意願和挑戰，以及他們的建議。  研究發現，各系統間相互的影響形成了教師的態度。在宏觀系統上，社會 對融合教育的認識不足、大眾對融合生的偏見會影響教師對融合生的看法和接 納程度。在外部系統中，教師感受到專業培訓和政策支持的缺失，削弱了他們 實施融合教育的能力和信心。而在中間系統，教師與家長及同事的溝通上出現 障礙，使得教師在獲取融合生信息方面遭遇挑戰。微觀系統中，教師的認知和 經驗進一步塑造了他們的態度，他們雖認識到融合生有特殊需求，但對融合生 的刻板印象影響着學生的發展。此外，失敗的經驗、工作壓力也對他們的態度 造成負面影響，繼而影響到學生的學習。受訪教師提出，高等院校應設立學士 學位，政府應加開教師培訓，同時加強社會宣導，學校亦應建立融合教育小組 和提供適當的設備，以改善現存的問題。  基於上述發現，本研究建議學校成立融合教育小組和提供校本培訓，並呼 籲政府加強教師培訓的實用性、提高家長和公眾對融合教育的宣導，以協助教 師有效實施融合教育。