Introduction to Research Method

Introduction to Academic Writing

Research Method

This page was written by Prof. Keith Morrison and is continually developed by the library research support team

General

1. Babbie, E. R. (2010) The Practice of Social Research (eleventh edition). New York: Thompson.
2. Beney , T. ( 2011 ) Distinguishing Evaluation from Research. Available from: http://www.uniteforsight.org/evaluation-course/module10. [Accessed 4 February 2016].
3. Breakwell, G. M., Hammond, S., Fife-Shaw, C. and Smith, J. A. (2006) Research Methods in Psychology (third edition). London: Sage.
4. Byrne, D. and Callaghan, G. (2014) Complexity Theory and the Social Sciences. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
5. Creswell, J. W. (2002) Educational Research: Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. New Jersey: Merrill Prentice-Hall.
6. Denscombe, M. (2009) Ground Rules for Social Research: Guidelines for Good Practice (second edition). Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
*7. Denscombe, M. (2014) The Good Research Guide (fourth edition). Maidenhead, UK: Open University Press.
8. Hammersley, M. (2011) Methodology: Who Needs It? London, UK: Sage.
9. Hammersley, M. (2014) The Limits of Social Science: Causal Explanation and Value Relevance. London, UK: Sage.
*10. Howitt, D. and Cramer, D. (2014) Introduction to Research Methods in Psychology (fourth edition). Harlow, UK: Pearson.
11. Pawson, R. (2006) Evidence-based Policy: A Realist Perspective. London: Sage.
*12. Pawson, R. (2013) The Science of Evaluation: A Realist Manifesto. London: UK: Sage.
13. Punch, K. F. (2005) Introduction to Social Research: Quantitative and qualitative approaches (second edition). London: Sage.
14. Robson, C. (2002) Real World Research (second edition). Oxford: Blackwell.

Statistics Research

1. Argyrous, G. (2011) Statistics for research: With a guide to SPSS (third edition). London: Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1-84920-595-5
2. Ellis, P. D. (2010). The essential guide to effect sizes: Statistical power, meta-analysis, and the interpretation of research results. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Note: The standard text on effect size, and easy to read.
3. Field, A. (2013) Discovering Statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics (fourth edition). London: Sage Publications Ltd. 978-1446249185.
Note: This is an international best-selling book, easy to read and informative.
4. Pallant, J. (2013) SPSS Survival Manual (5th edition). Maidenhead, UK: Open University Press. ISBN: 9780335262588.
Note: This will be referred to during the readings and the course. It is probably the most straightforward text of its kind for SPSS, and is very strongly recommended. Many students find it an invaluable and easy guide to SPSS; it is practical and very easy to follow.

Additional Topic

1. Aiken, L. R. (2003) Psychological Testing and Assessment (eleventh edition). Boston, MA: Pearson Education Group Inc.
2. Bannister, D. (ed.) (1970) Perspectives in Personal Construct Theory. London: Academic Press.
3. Bannister, D. and Mair, J.M.M. (1968) The Evaluation of Personal Constructs. London: Academic Press.
4. Butt, T. (2008) George Kelly: The Psychology of Personal Constructs. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
5. Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) (2009) Systematic reviews: CRD’s guidance for undertaking reviews in health care. Availablefrom: http://www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd/index_guidance.htm. [Accessed 30 Stptember, 2011].
6. Coe, R., Fitz-Gibbon, C. T. and Tymms, P. (2000) Promoting Evidence-Based Education: the Role of Practitioners. Roundtable paper presented at the British Educational Research Association, University of Cardiff, UK, 7-10 September.
7. Cooper, H. M., and Hedges, L. V. (2009). Research synthesis as a scientific process. In M. Harris et al. (eds.) (2009) The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis (second edition). ) New York, NY: The Russell Sage Foundation, pp. 3-16.
8. Dale, A., Arber, S. and Procter, M. (1998) Doing Secondary Analysis. London: Unwin Hyman.
**9. Donaldson, S. I., Christie, C. A. and Mark, M. M. (2009) What Counts as Credible Evidence in Applied Research and Evaluation Practice? Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
10. Heath, D. (2009) The Literature Review: A Few Tips On Conducting It. Health Sciences Writing Center, University of Toronto (2010 Literature Reviews. Available from: http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/advice/specific-types-of-writing/literature-review. [Accessed 6 February 2009].
11. Kline, P. (2016) A Handbook of Test Construction: Introduction to Psychometric Design. New York, NY: Routledge.
12. Petticrew, M., and Roberts, H.. (2006) Systematic Reviews in the Social Sciences: A Practical Guide. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
13. Ridley, D. (2010) The Literature Review: A Step-by-Step Guide for Students (second edition). London: Sage.
14. Smith, M. (2013) Evidence-based education: is it really that straightforward? The Guardian, 26 March 2013. Available from: http://www.theguardian.com/teacher-network/2013/mar/26/teachers-research-evidence-based-education. [Accessed 10 June 2016].
15. Vartanian, T. P. (2011) Secondary Data Analysis. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Selected Book for Research Method

Research Methods in Education

Cite: Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2018) Research Methods in Education (eighth edition). Abingdon, UK: Routledge. ISBN: 978-1-138-20988-6. 
Note: Though this book is written for educational researchers, many of the issues apply well to other social sciences, and the chapters on quantitative and qualitative data analysis (with SPSS) may be useful.

Business Research Methods

Cooper, D. C. and Schindler, P. S. (2013) Business Research Methods (twelfth edition). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Note: Though this book is written for researchers in business, many of the issues apply well to other social sciences.

Research Designs: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches

Creswell, J. W. (2013) Research Designs: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (fourth edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Research Design: Creating Robust Approaches for the Social Sciences

Gorard, S. (2013) Research Design: Creating Robust Approaches for the Social Sciences. London: Sage. ISBN: 9781446249024.
Note: This book is a straightforward text on research design.

Reading Guideline

**1. Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2018) Research Methods in Education (eighth edition). Abingdon, UK: Routledge, Chapters 1, 3, 9, 11.
**2. Gorard, S. (2013) Research Design: Creating Robust Approaches for the Social Sciences. London: Sage, Part 1.

1. Agee, J. (2009) Developing research questions: a reflective process. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 22 (4), pp. 431-447.

2. Alvesson, M. and Sandberg, J. (2011) Generating research questions though problematization. Academy of Management Review, 36 (2), pp. 247-271.

3. Alvesson, M. and Sandberg, J. (2013) Constructing Research Questions: Doing Interesting Research. London: Sage Publications Ltd.

4. Andrews, R. (2003) Research Questions. London: Continuum.

5. Arthur, J. Waring, M. Coe, R. and Hedges, L. V. (eds.) (2017) Research Methods and Methodologies in Education (second edition). London: Sage.

6. Bryman, A. (2007) The research question in social research: what is its role? International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 19 (1), pp. 5-20.

7. Campbell, J. P., Daft, R. L. and Hulin, C. L. (1982) What to Study: Generating and Developing Research Questions. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

**8. Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2018) Research Methods in Education (eighth edition). Abingdon, UK: Routledge, Chapters 4, 10, 38.

9. Finfgeld-Connett, D., and Johnson, E. D. (2012) Literature search strategies for conducting knowledge-building and theory-generating qualitative systematic reviews. Journal of Advanced Nursing. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.06037.x.

**10. Gorard, S. (2013) Research Design: Creating Robust Approaches for the Social Sciences. London: Sage, Chapter 3, 4.

11. Labaree, R. V. (2013) Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper: Types of Research Designs. USC Libraries Research Guides. Los Angeles, CA: University of Southern California. Available from: http://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/researchdesigns.

12. White, P. (2009) Developing Research Questions: A Guide for Social Scientists. London: Palgrave.

13. White, P. (2013) Who’s afraid of research questions? The neglect of research questions in the methods literature and a call for question-led methods teaching. International Journal of Research and Method in Education, 36 (3), pp. 213-227.

1. Alderson, P. and Morrow, V. (2011) The Ethics of Research with Children and Young People: A Practical handbook. London: Sage.
American Educational Research Association (2011) Code of Ethics. Educational Researcher, 40 (3), pp. 145-156.

2. American Psychological Association (2002) Ethical Principles and Code of Conduct. Available from: http://www.apa.org/ethics/code2002.html.

3. American Psychological Association (2014) Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.

4. American Sociological Association (1999) Code of Ethics and Policies and Procedures of the ASA Committee on Professional Ethics. Available from: http://www.asanet.org/members/ecoderev.html.

5. Association of Internet Researchers (2012) Ethical Decision-making and Internet Research: Recommendations from the AoIR Ethics Working Committee (Version 2.0). Available from: http://aoir.org/reports/ethics2.pdf.

6. Boruch, R. F. and Cecil, J. S. (1979) Assuring the Confidentiality of Social Research Data. Philadelphia, OH: University of Pennsylvania Press.

*7. British Educational Research Association (2011) Ethical Guidelines for Educational Research. London: British Educational Research Association.

8. British Psychological Society (2005) Code of Conduct, Ethical Principles and Guidelines. Available from: http://www.bps.org.uk/document-download-area/document-download$.cfm?file_uuid=6D0645CC-7E96-C67F-D75E2648E5580115andext=pdf.

9. British Psychological Society (2013) Ethics Guidelines for Internet-mediated Research. Leicester, UK: British Psychological Society.

*10. British Psychological Society (2014) Code of Human Research Ethics. Leicester, UK: British Psychological Society.

11. British Sociological Association (2002) Statement of Ethical Practice. Durham, UK: British Sociological Association. Available from: http://www.britsoc.co.uk/NR/rdonlyres/801B9A62-5CD3-4BC2-93E1-FF470FF10256/0/StatementofEthicalPractice.pdf.

*12. Brooks, R., te Riele, K., and Maguire, M (2014) Ethics and Education Research. London: Sage Publications.

13. Bruckman, A. S. (2004) Introduction: opportunities and challenges in methodology and ethics. In M. D. Johns, S. S. Chen, and G. J. Hall (eds.) Online Social Research: Methods, Issues and Ethics. New York, NY: Peter Lang publishers, pp. 15-24.

14. Buchanan, E. A. and Zimmer, M. (2012) Internet research ethics. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Available from: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-internet-research. [Accessed 4 April 2016].

15. Clark, A. (2006) Anonymising Research Data. Working Paper 7/06 for ESRC National Centre for Research Methods. Manchester: ESRC National Centre for Research Methods. Available from: http://eprints.ncrm.ac.uk/480/1/0706_anonymising_research_data.pdf.

**16. Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2018) Research Methods in Education (eighth edition). Abingdon, UK: Routledge, Chapters 7, 8.

17. Collmann, J. and Matei, S. A. (eds.) (2016) Ethical Reasoning in Big Data: An Exploratory Analysis. Geneva. Switzerland. Springer.

*18. Economic and Social Research Council (2015) ESRC Framework for Research Ethics. Swindon, UK: Economic and Social Research Council.

19. Economic and Social Research Council National Centre for Research Methods (2008) Visual Ethics: Ethical Issues in Visual Research. NCRM/011. Swindon, UK: Economic and Social Research Council.

20. Ess, C. and the Association of Internet Researchers (2002) Ethical Decision-making and Internet Research: Recommendations from the AoIR Ethics Working Committee. Available from: http://www.aoir.org/reports/ethics.pdf.
21. Fahie, D. (2014) Doing sensitive research sensitively: ethical and methodological issues in researching workplace bullying. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 13 (1), pp. 19-36.

22. Farrimond, H. (2013) Doing Ethical Research. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

23.Hammersley, M. (2000) Taking Sides in Social Research: Essays on Bias and Partisanship. London: Routledge.

24. Hammersley, M. (2015) On ethical principles for social research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 18 (4), pp. 433-449.

*25. Hammersley, M. and Traianou, A. (2012) Ethics in Qualitative Research: Controversies and Contexts. London: Sage.

26. Johns, M. D., Chen, S. S. and Hall, G. J. (eds.) (2004) Online Social Research: Methods, Issues and Ethics. New York, NY: Peter Lang publishers.

27. Lee, R. M. (1993) Doing Research on Sensitive Topics. London: Sage.

28. McCosker, H., Barnard, A. and Gerber, R. (2001) Undertaking sensitive research: issues and strategies for meeting the safety needs of all participants. Forum: Qualitative Social Research (Sozialforschung), 2 (1), pp. 1-10. Available from: http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/983.

29. Morrison, K. R. B. (2013) Interviewing children in uncomfortable settings: Ten lessons for effective practice. Educational Studies, 39 (3), pp. 320-337.

30. Renzetti, C. M. and Lee, R. M. (1993) Researching Sensitive Topics. London: Sage.

31. Rosenberg, A. (2010) Virtual world research ethics and the private/public distinction. International Journal of Internet Research Ethics, 3 (12), pp. 23-37.

32. Solove, D. J. (2006) A taxonomy of privacy. University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 154 (3), pp. 477-560.
Social Research Association (2003) Ethical Guidelines. Available from: http://www.the-sra.org.uk/ethics03.pdf.

1. Akbulut, Y. (2015. Predictors of inconsistent responding in web surveys. Internet Research, 25 (1), pp. 131-147.

2. Aldridge, A. and Levine, K. (2001) Surveying the Social World: Principles and Practice in Survey Research. Buckingham: Open University Press.

3. Borsboom, D., Mellenbergh, G. D. and van Heerden, J. (2004) The concept of validity. Psychological Review, 111 (4), pp. 1061-1071.

4. Champagne, M. V. (2014) The Survey Playbook: How to Create the Perfect Survey. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform: https://www.createspace.com/.

5. Christian, L. M., Parsons, N. L. and Dillman, D. A. (2009) Designing scalar questions for web surveys. Sociological Methods and Research, 37 (3), pp. 393-425.

**6. Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2018) Research Methods in Education (eighth edition). Abingdon, UK: Routledge, Chapters 12, 17, 24.

7. Colorado State University (2016) Survey Research. Available from: http://writing.colostate.edu/guides/guide.cfm?guideid=68.

8. Dale, A. (2006) Quality issues with survey research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 9 (2), pp. 143-158.

9. Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D. and Christian, L. M. (2014) Internet, Phone, Mail and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design method (fourth edition). New Jersey, NY: John Wiley and Sons.

10. Fowler, F. J. Jr. (2009) Survey Research Methods (fourth edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

11. Hilton, C. E. (2017) The importance of pretesting questionnaires: a field research example of cognitive pretesting the Exercise Referral Quality of Life Scale (ER-QLS). International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 20 (1), pp. 21-34.

12. Krosnick, J. A. and Presser, S. (2010) Question and questionnaire design. In P. V. Marsden and J. V. Wright (eds.) Handbook of Survey Research. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, pp. 263-313.

13. Mora, M. (2010) Using a Strong Questionnaire to Harvest High-Quality Data. Available from: http://www.relevantinsights.com/questionnaire-design/.

14. Mora, M. (2011) Why We Need to Avoid Long Surveys. Available from: http://www.relevantinsights.com/long-surveys. [Accessed 21 March, 2016].

15. Mora, M. (2011) Which Rating Scales Should I Use? Available from: http://www.relevantinsights.com/rating-scales. [Accessed 21 March, 2016].


16. Moser, C. and Kalton, G. (1985) Survey Methods in Social Investigation. London: Heinemann.

17. National Centre for Research Methods (2016) Practical Exemplars and Survey Analysis. Avauilable from: http://www.restore.ac.uk/PEAS/about.php.

18. OECD (2012) Good practices in survey design step-by-step. In Measuring Regulatory Performance: A

19. Practitioner’s Guide to Perception Surveys. Paris: OECD. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789262167179-6-en.

20. Punch, K. F. (2003) Survey Research: The Basics. London: Sage.

21. Shropshire, K. O., Hawdon, J. E. and Witte, J. C. (2009) Web survey design: balancing measurement, response, and topical interest. Sociological Methods and Research, 37 (3), pp. 344-370.

1. Campbell, M. J, Julious, S. A. and Altman, D. G. (1995) Estimating sample sizes for binary, ordered categorical, and continuous outcomes in two group comparison. British Medical Journal, 311, pp. 1145-1148.

**2. Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2018) Research Methods in Education (eighth edition). Abingdon, UK: Routledge, Chapter 12.

**3. Gorard, S. (2013) Research Design: Creating Robust Approaches for the Social Sciences. London: Sage, Chapter 6.

4. Suri, H. (2011) Purposeful sampling in qualitative research synthesis. Qualitative Research Journal, 11 (2), pp. 63-75.

1. Biesta, G. (2007). Why ‘What Works’ won’t work: evidence-based practice and the democratic deficit in educational research. Educational Theory, 57 (1), pp. 1-22.

2. Biesta, G. (2010) Why ‘what works’ still won’t work: from evidence-based education to value-based education. Studies in Philosophy and Education 29 (5), pp. 491-503.

3. Boruch, R. F. (1997) Randomized Experiments for Planning and Evaluation. Applied social research methods series, vol. 44. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

4. Bouguen, A. and Gurgand, M. (2012) Randomized Controlled Experiments in Education. EENEE Analytical Report no. 11 for the European Commission. Paris: European Commission.

5. Campbell Collaboration. (n.d.). The Campbell Collaboration: What helps? What harms? Based on what evidence? Available from: http://www.campbellcollaboration.org/

6. Campbell, D. T. and Stanley, J. (1963) Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research on Teaching. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.

* *7. Cartwright, N, and Hardie, J. (2012) Evidence-Based Policy: A Practical Guide to Doing It Better. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

*8. Edwards, R. and Holland, J. (2013) What Is Qualitative Interviewing? London: Sage.

**9. Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2018) Research Methods in Education (eighth edition). Abingdon, UK: Routledge, Chapters 6, 20.

**10. Connolly, P., Biggart, A., Miller, S., O’Hare, L., and Thurston,A. (2017) Usign Randomised Controlled Trials in Education. London: Sage.

11. Goldacre, B. (2013) Building Evidence into Education. London: Department for Education. http://media.education.gov.uk/assets/files/pdf/b/ben%20goldacre%20paper.pdfHammersley, M. (2008) Paradigm war revived? On the diagnosis of resistance to randomized controlled trials and systematic review in education. International Journal of Research and Method in Education, 31 (1), pp. 3-10.

**12. Gorard, S. (2013) Research Design: Creating Robust Approaches for the Social Sciences. London: Sage, Chapter 9.

13.* Gorard, S., See, B. H. and Siffiqui, N. (2017) The Trials of Evidence-based Education: The Promises, Opportunities and Problems of Trials in Education. London: Routledge.

14. Haynes, L., Service, O., Goldacre, B. and Torgerson, D. (2012) Test, Learn, Adapt: Randomised Controlled Trials. London: Cabinet Office Behavioural Insights Team. http://38r8om2xjhhl25mw24492dir.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/TLA-1906126.pdf

15. Holland, P. W. (1986) Statistics and causal inference. Journal of the American Statistics Association, 81, pp. 945-970.

16. Johansson, J., Skeff, K. M., and Stratos, G. A. (2012) A randomised control study of role play in a faculty development programme. Medical Teacher, 34 (2), pp. 123-128.

17. Morrison, K. (2001) Randomised controlled trials for evidence-based education; Some problems in judging ‘what works’. Evaluation and Research in Education, 15 (2), pp. 69-83.

**18. Morrison, K. (2009). Causation in Educational Research. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

19. Morrison, K. R. B. (2012) Searching for causality in the wrong places. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 15 (1), pp. 15-30.

20. Pearce, W. and Raman, S. (2014) The new randomized controlled trials (RCT) movement in public policy: challenges of epistemic governance, Policy Sciences, 47 (4), pp. 387-402.

21. Schellenberg, E.G. (2004) Music lessons enhance IQ. Psychological Science, 15 (8), pp. 511-514.

*22. Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D. and Campbell, D. T. (2002) Experimental and Quasi experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company.

23. Sheffield Hallam University (2016) Can Randomised Controlled Trials Revolutionise Educational Research? Sheffield, UK: Sheffield Institute of Education, Sheffield Hallam University. Available from: https://www4.shu.ac.uk/research/ceir/randomised-controlled-trials-1.

24. Torgerson, C. J. and Torgerson, D. J. (2013) Randomised Trials in Education: An Introductory Handbook. London: Educational Endowment Foundation. Availablefrom: http://educationendowmentfoundation.org.uk/uploads/pdf/Randomised_trials_in_education_revised.pdf.

**25. Torgerson, D. J., and Torgerson, C. J. (2008). Designing Randomised Trials in Health, Education and the Social Sciences: An introduction. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

1. Anderson, L. (2006) Analytic autoethnography. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 35 (4), pp. 373-395.
Arksey, H. and Knight, P. (1999) Interviewing for Social Scientists. London: Sage.

2. Axline, V. (1964) Dibs in Search of Self. New York: Ballantine.

3. Bampton, R. & Cowton, C. J. (2002). The e-interview. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 3(2), pp. 1-12. Article 4. Available from: http://nbnresolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs020295.

4. Becker, H. S. (1967) Whose side are we on? Social Problems, 14 (3), pp. 239-247.

5. Berger, P. L. and Luckmann, T. (1967) The Social Construction of Reality. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

6. Berger, R. (2015) Now I see it, now I don’t: researcher’s position and reflexivity in qualitative research. Qualitative Research, 15 (2), pp. 219-234.

7. Blix, S. B. and Wettergren, Å. (2015) The emotional labour of gaining and maintaining access to the field. Qualitative Research, 15 (6), pp. 688-704.

8. Blumer, H. (1969) Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Chang, H. (2008) Autoethnography as Method. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.

**9. Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2018) Research Methods in Education (eighth edition). Abingdon, UK: Routledge, Chapters 2, 15.

10. Creswell, J. W. (1998) Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among the Five Traditions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

11. Denshire, A. (2014) On auto-ethnography. Current Sociology Review, 62 (6), pp. 831-850.

12. Denzin, N.K. and Lincoln, Y.S. (eds.) (1994) Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications Inc.

13. Dickson-Swift, V., James, E. L., Kippen, S., and Liamputtong, P. (2008) Risk to researchers in qualitative research on sensitive topics: issues and strategies. Qualitative Health Research, 18 (1), pp. 133-144.

14. Dickson-Swift, V., James, E. L., Kippen, S., and Liamputtong, P. (2009) Researching sensitive topics: qualitative research as emotion work. Qualitative Research, 9 (1), pp. 61-79.

* *15. Flick, U. (2014) An Introduction to Qualitative Research (fifth edition). London: Sage.

16. Flick, U., von Kardoff, E., and Steinke, I. (eds.) (2004) A Companion to Qualitative Research (trans. B. Jenner). London: Sage.

17. Flyvbjerg, B. (2006) Five misunderstandings about case-study research. Qualitative Inquiry, 12 (2), pp. 219-245.

18. Hammersley, M. (1992) What’s Wrong with Ethnography? London: Routledge.

19. Hammersley, M. (2007) The issue of quality in qualitative research. International Journal of Research and Method in Education, 30 (3), pp. 287-305.

**20. Hammersley, M. (2013) What Is Qualitative Research? London: Bloomsbury Academic.

21. Heath, C., Hindmarsh, J. and Luff, P. (2010) Video in Qualitative Research: Analysing Social Interaction in Everyday Life. London: Sage.

22. Jewitt, C. (2012) An Introduction to Using Video for Research. National Centre for Research Methods Working Paper 03/12. London: National Centre for Research Methods.

23. Kozinets, R. V. (2010) Netography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. London: Sage.

*24. Kvale, S. (2007) Doing Interviews. London: Sage.

25. LeCompte, M. and Preissle, J. (1993) Ethnography and Qualitative Design in Educational Research (second edition). London: Academic Press Ltd.

26. Major, C. H., and Savin-Baden, M. (2010) An Introduction to Qualitative Research Synthesis: Managing the Information Explosion in Social Science Research. Abingdon, UK: Routledge

**27. Marshall, C. and Rossman, G. B. (2016) Designing Qualitative Research (sixth edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

28. Maxwell, J. A. (2005) Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach (second edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

*29. Patton, M. Q. (2002) Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (third edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

*30. Spradley, J. P. (1979) The Ethnographic Interview. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

*31. Spradley, J. P. (1980) Participant Observation. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

32. St.Pierre, E. A. and Roulston, K. (2006) The state of qualitative inquiry: a contested science. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 19 (6), pp. 673-684.

33. Boellstorff, T., Nardi, B., and Taylor, T. L. (2012) Ethnography and Virtual Worlds: A Handbook of Method. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

34. Denshire, A. (2014) On auto-ethnography. Current Sociology Review, 62 (6), pp. 831-850.

MIXED METHODS
1. Bergman, M. M. (2011) The politics, fashions and conventions of research methods. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 5 (2), pp. 99-102.

2. Bergman, M. M. (2011) The good, the bad, and the ugly in mixed methods research and design. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 5 (4), pp. 271-275.

3. Brannen, J. (2005) Mixing methods: the entry of qualitative and quantitative approaches into the research process. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8 (3), pp. 173-84.

4. Bryman, A. (2007) Barriers to integrating quantitative and qualitative research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1 (1), pp. 8-22.

**5. Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2018) Research Methods in Education (eighth edition). Abingdon, UK: Routledge, Chapter 2.

6. Creswell, J. W. (2009) Mapping the field of mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 3 (2), pp. 95-108.

7. Creswell, J. W. (2011) Controversies in mixed methods research. In N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (eds.) Handbook of Qualitative Research (fourth edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc., pp. 269-284.

**8. Creswell, J. W. and Plano Clark, V. L. (2011) Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (second edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.

9. Denzin, N. K. (2012) Triangulation 2.0. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 6 (2), pp. 80-88.
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